Migraine headaches are extremely common and can last from a few hours to three days. Unfortunately, these headaches are one of the least understood and poorly treated medical disorders, since they are likely to result of a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors that vary from person to person.

Moreover, the experiences of those suffering from migraines also vary to a great extent. Besides the common symptoms such as throbbing, searing pain, which may or may not be one-sided, some patients also experience “auras” prior to onset, while others do not.

Migraines may also cause chills, sweating, nausea, vomiting, fever, and/or sensitivity to light, sound, and smells in some cases.

Research has shown that more than 300 million people worldwide — about 6 to 7 percent of men and 15 to 18 percent of women — suffer from migraine headaches, and an estimated 20 million migraine attacks occur every single day.

Causes Of a Migraine

The causes of migraines have been examined in a great number of studies, but none of them can fully explain the occurrence of migraines in all sufferers. Sometimes these theories can be conflicting, but the majority of them asserts that the causes of a migraine include:

-The excessive increase in blood flow in the brain. On the other hand, some studies state that these headaches are not preceded by constriction and a decrease in blood flow, but rather by an increase of nearly 300 percent. Nevertheless, once the migraine attack is in full swing, circulation appears normal or only slightly reduced.

— A neurological disorder related to nerve cell activity. Migraines are believed to occur due to a neurological disorder related to nerve cell activity that sweeps across your brain, causing pain.

–Changes in the brain chemical serotonin. Migraine pain is also believed to be caused in the case of swollen and inflamed blood vessels, including those in the brain, as soon as the levels decrease.

-Vascular constriction in the brain. Migraines may occur from initial blood vessel constriction and a decrease in blood flow, followed by dilation and stretching of blood vessels, which activates the neurons which indicate pain.

Vitamin deficiency and migraines

According to the latest study, it was discovered that vitamin B6, B12, and folic acid supplements cause a two-fold reduction in migraines over a six-month period. This was also suggested by previous research, such as a 2004 study in the European Journal of Neurology, which pointed out that migraine attacks can be avoided by the consumption of high doses of B2 (riboflavin).

Moreover, levels of homocysteine production can be increased by some gene mutations and dysfunctions, which can make you more prone to migraine attacks. It was discovered that vitamins B6 and B12 reduce homocysteine levels. In addition, researchers found that depending on your genotype, one may need a higher or lower dose in order for it to work.

According to Professor Lyn Griffiths:

“… if all patients received the same vitamin dosage for the same period of time it would be expected that those with TT genotypes, having a reduced enzymatic rate, would metabolize less homocysteine over the treatment period compared to C allele carriers, thus resulting in a smaller reduction in homocysteine and consequent migraine symptoms.

Indeed, it may be that TT genotypes although having a higher risk of disease actually require a larger dosage of vitamins to exhibit the same effect as C alleles. Further clinical trials of much larger patient cohorts are required to test this hypothesis.”

She furthermore says that their aim is to specify the optimal dosage of B vitamins based on the genetic profile. She explained that:

“The success of our trial has shown that safe, inexpensive vitamin supplements can treat migraine patients.”

Yet, migraine symptoms may be caused by another, even more widespread, type of vitamin deficiency.

A year ago, an observational study at the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Headache Society, found that around 42 percent of patients with a chronic migraine were deficient in vitamin D. Researchers also found that the longer you suffered from chronic migraines, the more likely you are to be vitamin D deficient.